解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Human-mediated increases in nutrient availability alter patterns of primary production, impact species diversity, and threaten ecosystem function. Nutrients can also alter community structure by disrupting the relationships between nutrient-sharing mutualists that form the foundation of communities. Given their oligot...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1890/13-1407.1
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between grazers and autotrophs are complex, including both top-down consumptive and bottom-up facilitative effects of grazers. Thus, in addition to consuming autotrophs, herbivores can also enhance autotroph biomass by recycling limiting nutrients, thereby increasing nutrient availability. Here, we evalua...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-2094.1
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of functional connectivity following habitat loss and fragmentation could drive species declines. A comprehensive understanding of fragmentation effects on functional connectivity of an ecological assemblage requires investigation of multiple species with different mobilities, at different spatial scales, for eac...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-1328.1
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species intolerant of changing climate might avoid extinction within refugia buffered from extreme conditions. Refugia have been observed in the fossil record but are not well documented or understood on ecological time scales. Using a 37-year record from the eastern Pacific across the two most severe El Niño events o...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0468.1
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soils host diverse communities of interacting microbes and the nature of interspecific interactions is increasingly recognized to affect ecosystem-level processes. Antagonistic interactions between bacteria and fungi are of particular relevance for soil functioning. A number of soil bacteria produce secondary metaboli...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-1215.1
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants, bacteria, and fungi produce essential amino acids (EAAs) with distinctive patterns of delta13C values that can be used as naturally occurring fingerprints of biosynthetic origin of EAAs in a food web. Because animals cannot synthesize EAAs and must obtain them from food, their tissues reflect delta13C(EAA) pat...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0263.1
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual growth rates and survival are major determinants of individual fitness, population size structure, and community dynamics. The relationships between growth rate, survival, and temperature may thus be important for predicting biological responses to climate change. Although it is well known that growth rates...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0875.1
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Added Na was used to determine whether litter decomposition and associated fungal biomass and termites are limited by Na availability in a lowland tropical rainforest at Yasuni, Ecuador. This is a partial test of the "sodium ecosystem respiration" (SER) hypothesis that posits Na is critical for consumers but not plant...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-1274.1
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive success in flowering plants is influenced by the morphology and timing of reproductive structures as well as the density of surrounding conspecifics. In species with separate male and female flower phases, successful pollen transfer is also expected to vary with the density and ratio of surrounding male a...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0447.1
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary pressures that drive long larval planktonic durations in some coastal marine organisms, while allowing direct development in others, have been vigorously debated. We introduce into the argument the asymmetric dispersal of larvae by coastal currents and find that the strength of the currents helps dete...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0970.1
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological structures and processes occur at specific spatiotemporal scales, and interactions that occur across multiple scales mediate scale-specific (e.g., individual, community, local, or regional) responses to disturbance. Despite the importance of scale, explicitly incorporating a multi-scale perspective into res...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-1315.1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of community assembly processes currently involves (a) longstanding questions about the relative importance of environmental filtering vs. niche partitioning in a wide range of ecosystems, and (b) more recent questions about methodology. The rapidly growing field of community phylogenetics has generated deba...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0163.1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely recognized that protected areas can strongly influence ecological systems and that hybridization is an important conservation issue. However, previous studies have not explicitly considered the influence of protected areas on hybridization dynamics. Eastern wolves are a species of special concern and thei...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0698.1
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the dynamics of tree establishment is critical to assess forests' composition, management practices, and current responses to global change. We carried out a field seedling transplant experiment to assess not only the direct effects of resources influencing recruitment of four tree species, but also thei...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0685.1
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of the mechanisms that shape biodiversity is essential to understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interacting species. Recent studies posit that most of the organization of mutualistic networks is shaped by differences in species abundance among interacting species. In this study, we examined ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1647.1
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insect mutualisms can have disproportionately large impacts on local arthropod and plant communities and their responses to climatic change. The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of insect mutualisms affects host plant and herbivore responses to warming. Using open-top warming chambers at Harvar...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0760.1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grazing, fire, and climate shape mesic grassland communities. With global change altering all three factors, understanding how grasslands respond to changes in these combined drivers may aid in projecting future changes in grassland ecosystems. We manipulated rainfall and simulated grazing (clipping) in two long-term ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0526.1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to temporal changes in the quality and availability of food resources, consumers should adjust their foraging behavior in a manner that maximizes energy and nutrient intake and, when resources are limiting, minimizes dietary overlap with other consumers. Floodplains of the Amazon and its lowland tributarie...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0393.1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecologists are faced with the challenge of how to scale up from the activities of individual plants and animals to the macroscopic dynamics of populations and communities. It is especially difficult to do this in communities of plants where the fate of individuals depends on their immediate neighbors rather than an av...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0147.1
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative successional trajectories (AST) may result in multiple climax states within an ecosystem when disturbances affect colonization history. In the boreal forest, ungulates have been proposed to drive AST because, under herbivore pressure, preferred species may go extinct and apparent competition may benefit br...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-2015.1
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The linear regression model, with its numerous extensions including multivariate ordination, is fundamental to quantitative research in many disciplines. However, spatial or temporal structure in the data may invalidate the regression assumption of independent residuals. Spatial structure at any spatial scale can be m...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1899.1
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the ideal free distribution (IFD) theory, individuals that are able to perceive the quality of different patches in a landscape and disperse freely are expected to redistribute themselves proportionally to the carrying capacities of heterogeneous patches. Here, we argue that, when dispersal is uncondition...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1922.1
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrapopulation variation in habitat use is commonly seen among mobile animals, yet the mechanisms maintaining it have rarely been researched among untrackable species. To investigate how alternative life histories are maintained in a population of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), cumulative reproductive o...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1588.1
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses to proximate cues that directly affect fitness or cues directly released by selective agents are well-documented forms of phenotypic plasticity. For example, to reduce predation risk, prey change phenotype in response to light level (e.g., moon phase) when light affects predation risk from visual predators, ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-2250.1
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Density dependence in vital rates is key to population regulation. Rather than being constant, the strength of density dependence may vary throughout the year, but empirical evidence is limited. Based on 22 years of data of color-banded birds from a recovering population of Eurasian Spoonbills Platalea leucorodia leuc...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1914.1
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An under-examined component of global change is the alteration of disturbance regimes due to warming climates, continued species invasions, and accelerated land-use change. These drivers of global change are themselves novel ecosystem disturbances that may interact with historically occurring disturbances in complex w...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0915.1
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors controlling the spatial distribution of bacterial diversity have been intensely studied, whereas less is known about temporal changes. To address this, we tested whether the mechanisms that underlie bacterial temporal beta-diversity vary across different scales in three marine microbial communities. While seas...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-2125.1
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, ecologists have been testing for species saturation by using regression analysis to determine the relationship between local and regional species richness. The cumulative result of scores of studies and meta-analyses has led to a general consensus that evidence of species saturation is relatively uncommon...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0244.1
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recording and monitoring wildlife is crucial for the conservation of wild species and the protection of their environment. The most common type of information reported from a monitoring scheme is a time series of population abundance estimates, but the potential of such data for analyzing population dynamics is limite...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0712.1
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indirect biotic interactions play a crucial role in structuring ecological communities, but many of these interactions have not been explored. Algal competition and corallivory are two major stressors contributing to the decline of coral reefs. Here, we provide the first evidence of algal-induced corallivory and syner...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0680.1
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbivores are often implicated in the generation of the extraordinarily diverse tropical flora. One hypothesis linking enemies to plant diversification posits that the evolution of novel defenses allows plants to escape their enemies and expand their ranges. When range expansion involves entering a new habitat type, ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1920.1
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnitude and direction of biological effects of environmental disturbances can vary considerably, especially among studies that use presence/absence manipulations. Because nonlinearities (e.g., humped relationships) are common in biological systems, this heterogeneity in effects may arise if systems are similar i...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1697.1
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant functional traits affect the capacity of herbivores to find, choose, and consume plants. However, in a community composed of different plant species, it is unclear what proportion of herbivory on a focal plant is explained by its own traits and which is explained by the characteristics of the surrounding vegetat...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-2063.1
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In detritus-based ecosystems, autochthonous primary production contributes very little to the detritus pool. Yet primary producers may still influence the functioning of these ecosystems through complex interactions with decomposers and detritivores. Recent studies have suggested that, in aquatic systems, small amount...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0606.1
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population cycles in forest Lepidoptera often result from recurring density-dependent epizootics of entomopathogens. While these systems are typically dominated by a single pathogen species, insects are often infected by multiple pathogens, yet little is known how pathogens interact to affect host dynamics. The appare...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1329.1
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latitudinal patterns of nonnative species richness suggest fewer successful invasions in the tropics, relative to temperate regions. One main hypothesis for this pattern is that biotic resistance to invasion is stronger in the tropics than at higher latitudes. Biotic resistance can limit the distribution and abundance...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1382.1
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of the demographic processes contributing to invasions would improve our mechanistic understanding of the invasion process and improve the efficiency of prevention and control efforts. However, field comparisons of the demography of invasive and noninvasive species have not previously been conducted. ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1310.1
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological tests of 1/f-noise models have advanced our understanding of how environmental fluctuations affect population abundance and species distributions. Most empirical studies have been conducted under controlled laboratory conditions and have focused on individual drivers. We present the results of a four-year f...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1293.1
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abundance and population density are fundamental pieces of information for population ecology and species conservation, but they are difficult to estimate for rare and elusive species. Mark--resight models are popular for estimating population abundance because they are less invasive and expensive than traditional mar...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1256.1
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predator-prey relationships in poikilotherms are often size dependent, such as when adults of two interacting species are capable of eating juveniles of the other species. Such bi-directional predation can be important during the establishment and spread of an invading species, but its role remains poorly understood. ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0803.1
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00